Control the rate and volume of urine drainage in patients with urinary retention: Do not drain too quickly; clamp the catheter after draining 600-800ml. 3. Observe and record the color, amount, and nature of urine. Normal: 1500-2000ml/24h; Polyuria >2500ml/24h; Oligurja<400ml/24h; None <50ml/24h. Color: Normal: colorless and transparent or pale yellow; Abnormal: Hematuria, hemoglobinuria, bilirubinuria, chyluria. Secure the catheter properly, keep the tubing patent, and promptly check and adjust the catheter position if blocked. Repeatedly flush with nitrofurazone and replace if necessary. Prevent urinary tract infections. Daily bladder irrigation is unnecessary; urethral opening should be cleaned twice. Remove the catheter early when the condition is stable. Strictly adhere to aseptic techniques. Change the urine bag daily. For long-term indwelling patients, change the catheter weekly. Encourage patients to drink plenty of water during indwelling period. Bladder function training: Clamp the catheter daily, loosen it every 3-4 hours (except when using dehydrating agents). (Prevention of urethral bleeding and leakage: If the catheter is inserted too superficially, the balloon may adhere too closely to the posterior urethra, easily causing urethral bleeding. Therefore, after seeing urine, advance the catheter another 4-5 cm, inflate or inject water, and then gently pull the catheter outwards until it stops. At this point, the balloon is positioned at the internal urethral orifice, effectively preventing urethral bleeding or leakage. Post-prostatectomy and traumatic urethral rupture: Continuous irrigation for 2-3 days is necessary. In the early postoperative period, pay attention to the irrigation speed; too fast an irrigation can cause massive bleeding from the wound, while too slow an irrigation can cause internal bleeding to coagulate and form blood clots, hindering drainage.
Meta l-fluwidu tad-drenaġġ ikun aħmar jgħajjat, żid ir-rata tat-taqtir biex tlaħlaħ id-demm fil-pront, filwaqt li fl-istess ħin timmonitorja l-bidliet fil-pressjoni tad-demm. Jekk emboli tad-demm jew frammenti tat-tessut jostakolaw it-tubu, agħfas it-tubu b'subgħajk. Jekk għadu ostakolat, applika pressjoni addizzjonali biex tlaħlaħ u tkisser l-emboli tad-demm. Għal pazjenti b'kirurġija tal-bużżieqa tal-awrina, il-volum injettat kull darba m'għandux jaqbeż il-50 ml. Wara kull injezzjoni, il-volum kollu tal-fluwidu tal-irrigazzjoni għandu jiġi rtirat u mbagħad injettat mill-ġdid, billi tirrepeti l-proċess tal-irrigazzjoni.)
